Issue: Science and understanding

From Pythagoras to Particle Physics: Understanding and Questioning Western Intellectual History

Explore the intricate evolution of Western intellectual history in this 14-module seminar series turned article, ‘From Pythagoras to Particle Physics: A Journey through Western Thought.’ Discover how ancient Greek philosophy laid the bedrock for modern scientific inquiry, ethical frameworks, and democratic governance. Dive into pivotal moments in history, from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, and examine the challenges and opportunities posed by the Anthropocene epoch. This comprehensive overview offers thought-provoking insights into how the West’s intellectual trajectory has shaped our world, and critically assesses the future of democracy in light of emerging philosophical perspectives and real-world governance innovations.

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1.11: Scientific Naturalism

Resources on the page concern the philosophical position of scientific materialism, which asserts that the physical world is the ultimate reality and that physical processes can explain all phenomena. After our discussions on the mind and AI, we can explore different philosophical perspectives on the nature of reality and the limitations of scientific materialism in explaining subjective experiences, consciousness, and spirituality.

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1.07: Darwin and the Theory of Evolution

Science has proved to be a highly successful way of finding out how things work, and scientific theory is central to the practice of science. When Charles Darwin first published the theory of ‘natural selection’ in 1859, there were many gaps in the evidence to support it. In more than 160 years since then evidence from genetics, medical science and ecology have all substantiated the theory, so that an eminent biologist could claim that “nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution.”

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